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Jack Tafari (born October 31, 1946 in Gravesend, Kent, United Kingdom), is a formerly homeless Rastafarian activist who has advocated for himself and other homeless people. He is best known for promoting "sanctioned tent cities" as transitional housing for homeless people, including himself, in Portland, Oregon, United States.〔http://www.wweek.com/portland/article-1315-the_duke_of_dignity_village.html〕〔http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/tent-city/Content?oid=23601〕〔http://articles.latimes.com/2001/dec/29/news/mn-18802〕〔http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/05/us/home-for-the-homeless-but-can-it-continue.html〕 ==Activism== In February 2000, Tafari moved from Salem, Oregon to Portland, Oregon after being fired from a job. He was homeless, and he, with others, created Dignity Village in 2000, as a 'sanctioned tent city' (self governing homeless shelter) in Portland, Oregon. In December 2000, Tafari was sleeping rough under bridges and in doorways in Portland, Oregon, United States. There weren’t enough shelter spaces for all of Portland’s homeless, and Tafari found himself sharing the streets with others. With seven others, Tafari began occupying city properties and pitching tents. “Confronted by police for their unlicensed use of public land, the initial group of eight men and women had the benefit of a forceful voice in the person of homeless activist Jack Tafari, and the early support of a few local politicians and associated coverage in the local media. The Portland police department eventually realized that the group, then calling themselves Camp Dignity, was engaged in complicated Constitutional issues of redress of grievance, and deferred the political issue to the local political authority: The Portland City Council and Mayor”.〔Dignity Village〕 While living on Portland’s streets, Tafari had become the protector of a sixteen-year-old boy who went by the ‘street name’ of Field Mouse. Field Mouse had been evicted from a hostel for runaways for violating curfew. As his ‘street father’, Tafari helped him to forage for food and protected him from ‘chicken hawks’, or sexual predators. At a Portland public library, Field Mouse taught Tafari how to use computers and email.〔http://streetroots.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/a-brief-history-of-the-out-of-the-doorways-campaign-part-one/〕 In early confrontations with the Portland police, Tafari used his newfound technological prowess to advance his cause by combining Internet communications and traditional public relations techniques. To ‘sweep’ Camp Dignity, the police were required to serve twenty-four hours' notice. Tafari started writing press releases and distributing them by email, using the Internet facilities of the Independent Publishing Resource Center. His group put their things in shopping carts and, led by their wheelchair cases, they were ‘moved on’ by the police from place to place. John Reese was appointed as ‘Grand Marshal’, and as a result of extensive media coverage, their ‘shopping cart parades’ became internationally celebrated. The most famous shopping cart parade, which took place on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, 2001, included 35 shopping carts and was headed up by a disabled pair in wheelchairs, Grand Marshal John Reese and "Granma Coyote", Jada Mae Langloss. It attracted nationwide media coverage, and the spectacle of armed policemen herding a group of the indigent made for compelling viewing. As a consequence of the Martin Luther King Day Parade, Camp Dignity lasted for a space of about six months underneath Portland's Fremont Bridge. The Mayor and Council granted the camp the status of a city "pilot project" and offered them a site seven miles from Portland at the Sunderland Recycling Yard. As a negotiating tactic, Tafari distributed another press release headlined "We're Having a Big Parade".〔("We're Having a Big Parade" )〕 Faced with the prospect of another highly publicized parade of the indigent, Portland backed down, and allowed the campers two more months at the Fremont Bridge site. Calling off the planned parade, Tafari sent out another press release,.〔("Correkshan" )〕 After protracted negotiations, Camp Dignity accepted Portland's offered site at the Sunderland Recycling Yard. Throughout the ‘Out of the Doorways Campaign’ years, Tafari was a staff writer and submissions editor for the Portland street newspaper Street Roots, and he used this position to publicise his cause among the homeless. The following passage, from an article in the December 2000 issue, is an example of the agitprop Tafari wrote to rally Portland’s homeless to his cause. In an article titled ("The Future" ), he said, Dignity Village, a homeless camp incorporated in Portland, Oregon as a 501(c)(3) membership-based non-profit organization, is set up as a self-governing entity, and "residents" are bound by these rules of behavior, contained in their membership agreement.〔 Tafari was chairman of Dignity Village Inc. from 2002 until 2005.〔 The community has generated considerable international interest as a possible means of ameliorating the problem of developed world homelessness. In 2004, Tafari was invited to London to address the Crisis Innovations Fair on the subject of homelessness and possible solutions. He shared the podium with Dr. Michael Woolcock, senior social scientist with the World Bank.〔http://www.crisis.org.uk/data/files/policy_research/events/2004conferencereport.pdf〕 Dignity Village has been featured in articles in London’s The Guardian, in The New York Times,〔''New York Times'', 'Home for the Homeless, But Can It Continue?' October 5, 2005〕 and in other publications and media. The LA Times〔('Homeless Believe It Takes a Village to Raise Dignity' ) December 29, 2001〕 captured Tafari's vision for Dignity Village in a whimsical, idyllic quotation. "''Essentially, we will create housing for ourselves....The housing will be solar-powered, wind-driven. We'll eat from our garden, on our own table, and rest under our own fig trees when our labors are done."'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jack Tafari」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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